“It is easier to resist at the beginning than at the end.” ? Leonardo da Vinci
How do you overcome resistance to change in your organization?
You can move people in a series of small steps.
Incremental buy-in over time can often be more effective than trying to change too much at once, particularly if you face a lot of resistance.
In The First 90 Days: Critical Success Strategies for New Leaders at All Levels, Michael Watkins writes about using entanglement strategies to overcome resistance to change in your organization.
Reformulating Incentives, Framing Arguments and Action-Forcing Events
Create a set of push and pull forces to help drive the behavior you want.
Via The First 90 Days:
“Reformulating incentives, framing arguments, and setting up action-forcing events are relatively static persuasion techniques.
You figure out how people perceive their choices, and then you craft a mix of push and pull forces that alter those perceptions. Voila, you get the behavior you want.”
Adopt Entanglement Strategies
Entanglement strategies are effectively a slippery slope of small commitments that lead to a larger end in mind.
Via The First 90 Days:
“But what if moving people from where they are (comfortable with the status quo) is either impossible to achieve all at once or just too expensive for you? What do you do then?
You could adopt entanglement strategies that move people from A to B in a series of small steps rather than a single leap.
To return to the example of including a group to do something embarrassing, I could start by asking them to stand up. Then I could ask them to stand on one foot, and so on.”
Leverage Small Commitments Into Larger Ones
One of the most effective ways to make change happen is to get buy-in for small commitments along the way.
Via The First 90 Days:
“One approach is to leverage small commitments into larger ones. If you are trying to launch a new initiative, begin by getting people to agree to participate in an initial organizing meeting.
Then get them to commit to a subsequent meeting, then to doing a small piece of analysis, and so on.
Entanglement works because each step creates a new psychological reference point for deciding whether to take the next small step. When possible, try to make each step irreversible, like a door that locks once it has been passed through.
Getting people to make commitments in public, for example, creates a barrier to backsliding, as does getting commitments in writing.”
Use a Multistage Approach to Problem Solving
Involve people in the process of understanding the problem, get a shared view of the problem, identify multiple courses of action, and agree to criteria for the solution.
Via The First 90 Days:
“A related technique to overcome resistance to change is a multistage approach to problem solving. Start by getting people to take part in some shared data collection, for example, on how the organization is performing relative to competition.
Oversee the process carefully to be sure that they take a hard look at performance using external comparisons.
The key at this stage is to get them to recognize that there is a problem or problems that must be dealt with.
When the task is done, shift the focus to gaining a shared definition of “the problem.” What exactly is the problem? Push them hard to engage in root cause analysis, using process analysis tools if helpful. Then get them to work jointly on criteria for evaluating alternative courses of action. What would a ‘good’ solution look like? How should we measure success?
Finally, use the resulting criteria to evaluate the alternatives. How do the various alternative approaches stack up? By the alternative-evaluation stage of this process, many people will accept outcomes they would have rejected at the outset.”
Use Behavior Change to Drive Attitude change
Change behaviors to change attitude. Change behaviors by changing the measurements or incentives. Via The First 90 Days:
“Another entanglement strategy is to use behavior change to drive attitude change. This may sound backwards, but the attitude/behavior-change equation runs both ways. It is possible to alter people’s attitudes (with a compelling argument or evocative vision) and thus to change their behavior.
But attitude change, and its close organizational cousin cultural change, is difficult to achieve and sustain.
It turns out, interestingly enough, that if you can change people’s behavior in desired ways, their attitudes will shift to support the new behavior.
This occurs because people feel a strong need to preserve consistency between their behaviors and their beliefs. The implication for persuasion is clear: it often makes sense to focus first on getting people to act in new ways, such as by changing measurement and incentive systems, rather than trying to change their attitudes. If you get them taking the right actions, the right attitudes will follow.”
Key Take Ways
Here are my key take aways:
- Think in terms of gradual change. Don’t expect change to happen all at once. Expect it to take time, and to chunk it up along the way.
- Get incremental buy-in. Rather than jump to the end in mind, find a way to get mini-wins along the way.
- Involve people in the solution process. Involve people in the process of understanding the problem, get a shared view of the problem, identify multiple courses of action, and agree to criteria for the solution.
- Change behavior and attitude follows. Change behaviors to change attitude. Change behaviors by changing the measurements or incentives.
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